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Showing posts from October, 2019

Epilepsy

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Epilepsy   Epilepsy is a physical condition that occurs when there is a sudden, brief change in how the brain works. When brain cells are not working properly, a person's consciousness, movement, or actions may be altered for a short time. These physical changes are called epileptic seizures . Epilepsy is therefore sometimes called a seizure disorder . Epilepsy affects people in all nations and of all races. Causes Physical causes: Trauma Space occupying lesion Stroke Very raised blood pressure Tuberous sclerosis Metabolic causes: Hypoglycemia (low sugar level) Hyperglycemia (high sugar level) Hypoxia low oxygen level) Uremia Hyponatraemia (low sodium level) Hypernatraemia (high sodium level) Hypocalcaemia Liver diseases Alcohol withdrawal Drugs-phenothiazines,cocaine,benzodiazepines Infections: Encephalitis Syphilis Cysticercosis HIV Symptoms Eyes are generally open. The person may not appear to be breathing. The person is ofte...

Eosinophilic Leukemia

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Eosinophilic Leukemia  It is a disorder in which too many white blood cells, known as Eosinophils, are produced in the blood, bone marrow, and other tissues of the body. Ordinarily, these white blood cells help the body fight diseases and infections. With Eosinophilic leukemia, the overabundance of white blood cells can sometimes lead to dangerous results. Causes Radiation treatments used in the past to treat thyroid cancer or Hodgkin’s lymphoma Nuclear disaster Symptoms Fever. Feeling very tired. Cough. Swelling under the skin around the eyes and lips, in the throat, or on the hands and feet. Muscle pain. Itching. Diarrhea. Treatments  Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, usually by stopping the cancer cells' ability to grow and divide. Systemic chemotherapy is delivered through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy is given by a medical oncologist, a doctor who specializes in tr...

Craniosynostosis

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Craniosynostosis  Craniosynostosis It is a birth defect in which one or more of the joints between the bones of your infant's skull close prematurely, before your infant's brain is fully formed. When your baby has craniosynostosis, his or her brain can't grow in its natural shape and the head is misshapen. Symptoms A misshapen skull, with the shape depending on which of the cranial sutures are affected An abnormal feeling or disappearing "soft spot" (fontanel) on your baby's skull Slow or no growth of the head as your baby grows Development of a raised, hard ridge along affected sutures Increased pressure within the skull (intracranial pressure) Cause The cause of craniosynostosis is unknown . However, there's a hereditary component to craniosynostosis when it occurs with certain genetic syndromes, such as Apert's syndrome and Crouzon syndrome. Besides misshapen heads, infants with genetic s...

Colon Cancer

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Colon Cancer  Colon The colon is the last part of the digestive system in most vertebrates. It extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body and is the site unlike the small intestine, the colon does not play a major role in absorption of foods and nutrients. However, the colon does absorb water, sodium and some fat soluble vitamins. Colon Cancer  Colon, or colorectal, cancer is cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon). Risk Factor If you are older than 60 If you are African American of eastern European descent If you eat a a lot of red or processed meats If you have colorectal polyps If you have inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease   or ulcerative colitis) If you have a family history of colon cancer If you have a personal history of breast cancer. Causes Diet Obesity Smoking Drug effects Symptoms Diarrhea or Constipatio...

Chronic Myeloid Lukemia

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Chronic Myeloid Lukemia (CML)  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that starts in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow and invades the blood. In CML, leukemia cells tend to build up in the body over time, but in many cases people don't have any symptoms for at least a few years. The term "chronic" in chronic myelogenous leukemia indicates that this cancer tends to progress more slowly than acute forms of leukemia. In time, the cells can also invade other parts of the body. CML can also change into a fast-growing acute leukemia that invades almost any organ in the body. Causes Radiation treatments used in the past to treat thyroid cancer or Hodgkin’s lymphoma Nuclear disaster Symptoms Easy bleeding Feeling run-down or tired Fever  Frequent infections Losing weight without trying Loss of appetite Pain or fullness below the ribs on the left side Pale skin Sweating excessively during sleep (night sweats) Exams ...

Chronic Lymphocytic Lukemia

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Chronic Lymphocytic Lukemia  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (also called CLL) is a blood and bone marrow disease that usually gets worse slowly.   Like all leukemias, chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects a certain type of white blood cell, called a B lymphocyte. This disease is also called B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.  B cells originate in the bone marrow, mature in the lymph nodes, and then circulate in the blood to help fight infections. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the second most common type of leukemia in adults. Causes Radiation treatments used in the past to treat thyroid cancer or Hodgkin’s lymphoma Nuclear disaster Symptoms Enlarged, but painless, lymph nodes Fatigue Fever Pain in the upper left portion of the abdomen, which may be caused by an enlarged spleen Night sweats Weight loss Frequent infections Treatments Bone marrow or cord blood transpla...

Cholesystectomy

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Cholesystectomy  Gallbladder  This organ lies near the liver. It stores bile that is made by the liver. Bile helps in the digestion of fatty foods. The gallbladder releases bile into a system of ducts that lead to the small intestine. Cholecystectomy A cholecystectomy is an operation to remove the gallbladder. It is performed when the gallbladder requires removal due to inflammation (cholecystitis), stones (cholelithiasis), or both. Causes Gallstones in the gallbladder (cholelithiasis) Gallstones in the bile duct (choledocholithiasis) Gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis) Pancreas inflammation (pancreatitis) Risk Bleeding Infection Injury to other nearby structures or organs Reactions to general anesthesia Blood clots Age: 60 or older Pregnancy Obesity Smoking Malnutrition Recent or chronic illness Diabetes Heart or lung problems Bleeding disorders Alcoholism and use of street drugs Use of certain medicines Surgery ...